Canada is the second-largest country globally, covering 9.98 million square km (3.85 million square miles), about 40 times larger than the UK and slightly larger than the contiguous US.
Canada has six regions: Atlantic Provinces, Central Canada, Prairie Provinces, West Coast, Northern Territories, and Arctic Archipelago, each with unique landscapes.
Canada has a cold desert region known as the Arctic tundra, with low precipitation and cold temperatures.
The Mackenzie River is the longest at approximately 4,241 km (2,635 miles), flowing from Alberta to the Arctic Ocean.
Canada spans six time zones: Newfoundland, Atlantic, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific.
Mount Logan in Yukon is the highest peak at 5,959 meters (19,551 feet) above sea level.
Forests cover around 40% of Canada’s land, about 397 million hectares (980 million acres).
The Great Lakes—Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario, and Michigan—hold 20% of the world’s fresh surface water and support transportation, recreation, and ecosystems.
There are potentially active volcanoes in BC and Yukon, including Lava Fork, Mount Meager, and the Mount Edziza complex.
Vancouver: Mild winters, warm summers. Toronto: Cold winters, hot summers. Montreal: Similar to Toronto, more extremes. Calgary: Variable due to Chinook winds.
Winter temperatures range widely, from -5°C to 5°C (23°F to 41°F) in southern cities to below -40°C (-40°F) in northern areas.
Snow is common in most areas, though coastal regions like Vancouver may receive little to none, while interior regions get significant snowfall.
Windsor, Ontario, with an average temperature of about 10°C (50°F). Summers in the Okanagan Valley, BC, can exceed 35°C (95°F).
Yes, the Great Bear Rainforest in BC is the largest intact temperate rainforest worldwide.
Climate change is causing melting permafrost, altered precipitation, extreme weather, and rising sea levels, impacting agriculture, biodiversity, and infrastructure.
Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba feature grasslands, agriculture, and oil resources, with cold winters and hot, dry summers.
The Arctic has tundra landscapes, unique wildlife like polar bears, and experiences extreme seasonal daylight/darkness. It's also severely impacted by climate change.
Canada has around 2 million lakes, covering 60% of the world’s lake area. Major lakes include the Great Lakes, Lake Winnipeg, Great Bear Lake, and Great Slave Lake.
Known for the highest tides in the world, up to 16 meters (52 feet), creating unique landscapes and marine biodiversity.
The Rockies create a rain shadow effect, drying the prairies, and influence winds like Chinooks in Alberta, causing temperature shifts.
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