In recent years, the United States has witnessed a remarkable surge in undocumented migrants from India, with many entering through Mexico. However, with growing pressure on the US-Mexico border, a significant number are now opting for an unconventional route: crossing the expansive and lightly guarded border with Canada.
According to data from the Customs and Border Patrol (CBP), in fiscal year 2023, US border agents encountered nearly 97,000 undocumented Indian migrants nationwide, including over 30,000 at the northern border. This includes instances of both apprehensions and expulsions. To provide context, in fiscal year 2019, there were over 16,000 encounters with Indian migrants nationwide, as per CBP data.
The trend has continued in recent months, with nearly 14,000 Indian migrants encountered at the US-Canada border between October 2023 and February 2024. This influx has overwhelmed border security officials and caused concerns among communities in northern US states. CBP data indicates that in 2023, there were almost 190,000 encounters at the Canadian border, a substantial increase from previous years.
A spokesperson for the Indian embassy in Washington stated that the extent of illegal immigration from India to the United States is unclear. The embassy has been in constant engagement with US authorities to enhance cooperation and strengthen people-to-people ties while addressing issues of illegal immigration and human trafficking.
The end of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in global migration, with many Indian migrants drawn to the US by the perceived openness of the Biden administration to asylum-seekers. According to immigration lawyer Chirag Patel, individuals are attracted to the US due to the asylum process and anticipate potential policy changes with the upcoming US presidential election.
The increase in unauthorized Indian migration underscores the changing landscape of undocumented immigration to the US. While some migrants have genuine claims of persecution, experts suggest that many are economic migrants seeking better opportunities. Devesh Kapur, a professor of South Asian studies, notes that economic migrants often come from relatively prosperous states like Punjab and Gujarat.
However, legal pathways into the US are limited, leading many migrants to opt for the "donkey route," facilitated by human trafficking networks. Despite its risks, crossing the Canadian border has become an increasingly popular option for Indian migrants. Shinder Purewal, a political scientist, attributes this to Canada's relatively easier visa process and the potential for onward travel to the US.
While economic prospects play a significant role, support from established Indian communities in the US also influences migrants' decisions. However, not all attempts to cross the border are successful, with tragic incidents highlighting the risks involved.
In conclusion, the surge in undocumented Indian migrants entering the US via Canada reflects the complex dynamics of global migration. As migrants navigate challenges and risks, policymakers and stakeholders must address the underlying factors driving migration while ensuring humane treatment and respect for human rights.
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